Biofuel - Revision history

BruceThomas: /* Videos */ added video lists

2015-03-09T19:42:31Z

Videos: added video lists

BruceThomas at 17:08, 26 February 2015

2015-02-26T17:08:21Z

BruceThomas: /* Videos */

2015-02-26T17:04:38Z

Videos

BruceThomas: /* Additional Biofuels and Feedstocks */

2015-02-26T17:03:33Z

Additional Biofuels and Feedstocks

BruceThomas: Additional Biofuels and Feedstocks

2015-01-30T21:23:04Z

Additional Biofuels and Feedstocks

BruceThomas: /* Carbon Footprint of Ethanol */

2015-01-30T20:02:53Z

Carbon Footprint of Ethanol

BruceThomas: added refs

2015-01-29T18:25:02Z

added refs

BruceThomas: added ref

2015-01-29T18:11:31Z

added ref

BruceThomas: added ref

2015-01-29T18:03:05Z

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BruceThomas: rearrange sections of text

2015-01-29T17:49:52Z

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 == Videos ==
 * [http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtzFKlZIKvzb28FEOWGnkyu47z4CWA4qZ Biofuels video playlist - Dr. Andrew A. Frank]
-* [http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGBlt0vfT3I6uiJd0eXAr_6xXWKL6hkF1 Ethanol & Biofuel videos playlist - YouTube]
+* Video lists: [http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiHCorbi7G0CLA0RKg1QFaA #Biofuel], [http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVpWUJuHvRXgrXhCYFo5OJQ #SecondGenerationBiofuels], [http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCITQm45tmjK4YSq8DR261eA #EthanolFuel], [http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8cQbAzcT8ARUiqhgVwdwPQ #E85], [http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCFSUSJJl-B3kxMI2cXFzsrQ #CellulosicEthanol]
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 == Videos ==
 * [http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtzFKlZIKvzb28FEOWGnkyu47z4CWA4qZ Biofuels video playlist - Dr. Andrew A. Frank]
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 == News Sources ==

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 == Videos ==
-* [http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGBlt0vfT3I6uiJd0eXAr_6xXWKL6hkF1 Popular Ethanol & Biofuel videos playlist - YouTube]
+* [http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLtzFKlZIKvzb28FEOWGnkyu47z4CWA4qZ Biofuels video playlist - Dr. Andrew A. Frank]
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 == Additional Biofuels and Feedstocks ==
 Many other biofuels are in various stages of research, government approval and production in commercial quantities: isobutanol, farnesene, dimethyl ether, and methanol. Feedstocks for production of these biofuels include: crop wastes, municipal wastes, livestock manure, and algae.
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 == Carbon Footprint of Ethanol ==
-US DOE reports that use of corn stover (crop wastes such as stems, leaves and cobs) as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol biofuel provides an incredible 130% reduction in carbon footprint compared to that of gasoline or diesel fuels. <ref>[http://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/f14/sustainability_four_pager.pdf Bioenergy Sustainability - Biomass Program US DOE July 2011]</ref> This was based on an extensive study published in 2010 on the environmental and economic impacts of replacing gasoline and diesel with renewable fuels, including indirect land use changes (ILUC) in the areas where biofuels are grown. <ref>[http://www.epa.gov/otaq/renewablefuels/420r10006.pdf Renewable Fuel Standard Program (RFS2) Regulatory Impact Analysis, epa.gov Feb 2010]</ref>
+US DOE reports that use of corn stover (crop wastes such as stems, leaves and cobs) as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol biofuel provides a 130% reduction in carbon footprint compared to that of gasoline or diesel fuels. See the chart below. <ref>[http://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/04/f14/sustainability_four_pager.pdf Bioenergy Sustainability - Biomass Program US DOE July 2011]</ref> This was based on an extensive study published in 2010 on the environmental and economic impacts of replacing gasoline and diesel with renewable fuels, including indirect land use changes (ILUC) in the areas where biofuels are grown. <ref>[http://www.epa.gov/otaq/renewablefuels/420r10006.pdf Renewable Fuel Standard Program (RFS2) Regulatory Impact Analysis, epa.gov Feb 2010]</ref>
-Production of ethanol from corn grain provided only a modest 19% reduction in carbon footprint compared to that of gasoline based on the data from 2010, but data from 2013 showed recent improvements in efficiency of ethanol production and a 62% reduction in carbon footprint for corn grain ethanol biofuel vs. gasoline or diesel fuel.<ref>[http://www.cleanfuelsdc.org/pubs/documents/CFDC-Alverson-WP.pdf Re-thinking the Carbon Reduction Value of Corn Ethanol Fuel - cleanfuelsdc.org Winter 2015]</ref> Thus, the first generation ethanol biofuel made from corn grain provides a significant improvement in carbon footprint and second generation biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol from corn stover are even better.
+Production of ethanol from corn grain provided only a modest 19% reduction in carbon footprint compared to that of gasoline based on the data from 2010, but data from 2013 showed recent improvements in efficiency of ethanol production and a 62% reduction in carbon footprint for corn grain ethanol biofuel vs. gasoline or diesel fuel.<ref>[http://www.cleanfuelsdc.org/pubs/documents/CFDC-Alverson-WP.pdf Re-thinking the Carbon Reduction Value of Corn Ethanol Fuel - cleanfuelsdc.org Winter 2015]</ref> Thus, the first generation ethanol biofuel made from corn grain or sugarcane provides a significant improvement in carbon footprint and second generation biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol from corn stover or switchgrass are even better.
 [[Image:Carbon-footprint-of-ethanol-1000.gif|alt text]]

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 Advances in biofuel production provide increasing opportunities for this [[Renewable energy|renewable fuel]] to replace liquid fossil fuels in our vehicles. Increased use of ethanol biofuels in our internal combustion engine vehicles will help reduce CO2 greenhouse gas pollution and help improve the sustainability of our transportation systems. Most gasoline sold in the US is now a blend containing 10% ethanol (E10 fuel), so all of our light-duty vehicles are already running on E10 fuel.
-US EPA has approved use of gasoline with 15% ethanol (E15 fuel) in all light-duty motor vehicles sold in the US since 2001, <ref>[http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/fuels/additive/e15/ E15 (a blend of gasoline and ethanol) | Fuels & Fuel Additives | US EPA] "On October 13, 2010, EPA granted the first partial waiver (PDF) (58 pp; 4.6M; published November 4, 2010) for E15 for use in MY2007 and newer light-duty motor vehicles (i.e., cars, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles). On January 21, 2011, EPA granted the second partial waiver for E15 for use in MY2001-2006 light-duty motor vehicles. These decisions were based on test results provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and other test data and information regarding the potential effect of E15 on vehicle emissions."</ref> but this fuel is not yet widely available at fuel stations.
+US EPA has approved use of gasoline with 15% ethanol (E15 fuel) in all light-duty motor vehicles sold in the US since 2001, <ref>[http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/fuels/additive/e15/ E15 (a blend of gasoline and ethanol) | Fuels & Fuel Additives | US EPA] "On October 13, 2010, EPA granted the first partial waiver (PDF) (58 pp; 4.6M; published November 4, 2010) for E15 for use in MY2007 and newer light-duty motor vehicles (i.e., cars, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles). On January 21, 2011, EPA granted the second partial waiver for E15 for use in MY2001-2006 light-duty motor vehicles. These decisions were based on test results provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and other test data and information regarding the potential effect of E15 on vehicle emissions."</ref> but this fuel is not yet widely available at fuel stations. <ref>[https://biofuelpolicywatch.wordpress.com/2013/01/11/e10-e15-e85-and-issues-surrounding-the-ethanol-blend-wall/ E10, E15, E85 and Issues Surrounding the Ethanol Blend Wall – Biofuel Policy Watch blog 11jan2013] "... opposition to E15 has emerged from various entrenched interests, including the petroleum industry, certain auto and engine manufacturers, and others who are more broadly opposed to biofuels in general"</ref>
 A smaller, but growing number of "flexfuel" vehicles are designed to use fuel blends with up to 85% ethanol (E85 fuel). Availablity of E85 biofuel is limited but growing, with websites and cellphone apps available to help drivers find nearby fuel stations that offer E85 biofuel.