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Escape PHEV TechInfo

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Technical information on the Ford Escape useful when designing a Escape PHEV conversion.

Unless otherwise noted, everything refers to a 2007 year model, belonging to Hybrids Plus.


Traction battery

Specs

  • Cells:
    • 250 Sanyo NiMH 'D' cells, divided into 50 modules of 5 cells each
    • 325 V nominal @ 1.3V/cell (Ford says 330V)
    • 5.5 Ah
  • Electronics:
    • controller
    • DC-DC converter to charge traction battery from 12 V battery ("Jump Start")
    • Contactors and pre-charge relay / resistor
    • Current sensor
    • Blowers
  • Connectors:
    • 12 V power and control (40 circuits)
    • HV (4 circuits)
    • AC/DC (2 circuits, unused)
  • Mechanical
    • 87 kg (192 lb)
    • 102 x 80 x 15 cm (40 x 31-1/2 x 6")

Performance

Voltage vs SOC

Voltage vs SOC cycle, parked

When the car is parked, ignition on, the engine cycles off and on over time, to keep the battery within certain SOC levels. This plot of Battery Voltage vs Battery SOC shows that cycle.

  • When the engine is on, it charges the battery at about 13 A, and the battery voltage jumps up (due to its internal resistance) and starts climbing.
  • When the SOC reaches up to 51 %, the engine stops charging at high current
  • The engine stays on a bit longer, to finish warming itself up, charging the battery at lower current (hence the battery voltage drops, though the SOC still increases)
  • The engine turns off, and the battery voltage creeps down as the battery is slowly discharged by the car's loads (the headlights were on during this test)
  • When the SOC reaches down to 41 %, the engine comes on and the cycle repeats
Voltage vs SOC, no load

When the car is parked, key on / ignition off, the battery is discharged until 35 %, when the car starts using its 12 V battery instead. This plot of Battery Voltage vs Battery SOC shows that; it starts from a relatively high SOC (after coming down a mountain).

  • To speed-up the test, the headlights are on, and then also the fan (drawing between 0.6 and 2 A, still considered "no load").
  • The perturbation in the middle is because, after some time, the car switched to the 12 V battery, so the test had to be stopped, and then started again later
  • The temperature is between 30 and 32 °C
  • The voltage is approximately: 245 [V] + 1.75 [%/V] * SOC [%]

Internal resistance

From the delta in the voltage (27 V) charging (13 A) and a no current, we derive that the battery has a resistance of 2.1 ohm.

Assuming an average current of 50 A during operation, that's 5 KW of wasted heat! No wonder the battery needs air conditioning!

Removal

From the hatch opening:

  • Remove the carpet in the hatch compartment floor, to reveal the battery
  • Turn the orange safety plug from LOCK to UNLOCK and pull it out
  • Remove the black plastic air coupling on the rear-left
  • Remove the bolts on either side of the battery (3 bolts on each side)
  • Lift the bottom of the rear-right passenger seat and move it forward
  • List the strip of carpet to reveal the metal cover over the high voltage cables
  • Remove the 2 (not 3) nuts holding the black metal cover
  • Flip the seat forward to see the other end of the black metal cover
  • Remove the 2 bolts holding the other end of the black metal cover to the battery
  • Disconnect the battery:
    • From the rear right seat, remove the orange HV connector on the right (flip the lever)
    • From the rear left seat, remove the big black signal connector on the left (unbolts with a 10 mm socket wrench)
    • From the rear left seat, remove the small connector next to the signal connector (snaps)
  • Remove the battery
    • Remove the 6 bolts, 3 on each side of the battery, bolting it to the floor (1/2" socket)
    • Hook an engine hoist to the two round holes in the black metal on either side of the battery
    • Hoist the battery out of the car

To open the battery:

  • You need a #35 security Torx driver, and a #35 Torx driver
  • Remove all the screws in the 2 top covers:
    • Cover over the fans
    • Cover over the batteries and electronics

Component locations

Component locations

The battery includes (as seen when in the vehicle):

  • Air blowers in the rear compartment
  • NiMH cells in the center
    • 2 layers of cells
    • each layer in a left and right group
    • the groups in the top layer have 13 columns of 5 cells in series
    • the groups in the bottom layer have 12 columns of 5 cells in series
    • total: 2 * 13 * 5 + 2 * 12 * 5 = 250 cells
    • nominal pack voltage: 1.2 V * 250 = 300 V
  • controller on the right side
  • contactors and HV connector on the right-front corner
  • HV safety plug on the right-rear corner. The current sensor is inside it
  • the Converter on the left side

Cell array

These pictures show the two layers of cells, separated. The upper layer is removed and upside-down. Note the electronics potted in the middle of the layer. All indications are that these electronics provide insulation, and that therefore all the wires coming out of the cell pack (other than the high voltage wires) are at low voltage.

Disconnect

The safety disconnect includes the current sensor: Microchip PowerSmart Systems PS3190-256 PowerShunt. This part is not available: it must be custom made for this battery. It is a combination resistive shunt, current sensor, A/D converter and digital communication.

Contactors assembly

This assembly includes 2 high power contactors, a low current precharge relay, and a precharge resistor (dangling, in the picture)

Note the precharge resistor (white box) the 3 contactors (gray box) sense resistors (small black potted boxes at the end of thr orange wires

Block diagram

Block diagram of battery

This block diagram shows the main components of the battery pack, and how they interface to the vehicle

  • The NiMH cells store energy
  • The battery controller controls the battery pack
    • It communicates with the vehicle through the CAN bus
    • It monitors the air intake temperature, it controls the intake air flow and source, and it drives to DC blowers to blow air into the cells
    • It monitors the cells' voltage, including in intermediate points of the pack ("taps")
    • ...
  • The DC-DC converter receives power from the 12 V battery and boosts it up to 300 V, to charge the traction battery when it's dead and the user presses the Jump Start button (by the driver's left foot)
  • The Safety Disconnects opens the pack mid-voltage
  • The HV Output section
    • It has a connector with 2 high-current contacts to connect the battery voltage to the vehicle
    • It has a pair of wires to determine if that connector is connected or not
    • It has contactors (high power relays) to connect or isolate the pack voltage
  • The blower compartment has 2 DC blowers to blow air into the cells

Wiring diagram

Wiring diagram of battery.

This wiring diagram shows how the components of the battery pack are wired together.

  • High voltage wires are red.
  • Connectors are marked with their color and the number of positions
  • Sets of wires are shown together. The slash at one end indicates the number of wires
  • The function of sets of wires is shown above the wire
  • The wire colors are shown below the set of wires
  • Shaded squares indicate that wires are bundled together
  • The orientation of the components is shown as seen when looking from the hatch

This reverse engineering drawing is not guaranteed to be accurate and is offered as-is. Please direct corrections to DavideAndrea.

Connectors

AC/DC connector (left) & Control connector (right)

The battery has 3 connectors, with a total of 34 wires:

  • C4227A - 40-circuits, 28 wires - control
  • C4227B - 6-circuits, 2 wires - low power, 24v DC from the AC/DC converter
  • C4227C - 4-circuits, 4 wires - traction HV, interlock signals

AC/DC converter connector: C4227B

Acdc connector cable.gif Acdc connector battery.gif

Pin-out. Looking into cable (left) and looking into battery (right)

The AC/DC converter connector has 2 circuits, with the following names and functions.

Group Ckt Pin(s) Ext. color Int. color Name Function Notes
AC/DC converter in 3000 1 Vio Red AC/DC in+ To connect 24v DC to the traction battery, part of the engine block heater option Ends in hood, by coolant tanks, unconnected and capped OK
3001 6 VioOrg Blk AC/DC in- OK

This connector is on one end of a cable. The other end of the cable (C1468) is capped, under the hood, on the right, in front of the 2 coolant tanks, fastened to its own harness. It is only used with the Engine Block Heater option, which includes a small 115 Vac to 24 Vdc converter. Ford's part numbers for the block heater option are 4M6Z-6B018-AA WIRE ASY, F5RZ-6A051-B HEATER ASY, 5M6Z-10B689-AA CHARGER ASY. When the engine block heater is plugged into the 115 VAC, a "Y" splitter sends some power to the AC/DC converter, and then to the traction battery. It might only charge when the HV battery reaches a low SoC or it may simply be a battery warmer, because under normal battery conditions and room temperatures, zero power is sent to the traction battery pack. The engine block heater is rated at 115v AC and 400 watts. The AC/DC transformer outputs 24v DC under no load and when plugged into a cold battery draws 75 watts. Upon initial testing, a 7'C HV battery was warmed to 32'C in about 3 hours.

Control connector: C4227A

Control connector cable.gif Control connector battery.gif

Pin-out. Looking into cable (left) and looking into battery (right)

  • The control connector has 40 positions, but only 24 circuits
  • To disconnect it, turn the bolt, which draws the connector out
  • To remove the bulkhead male from the battery, remove the black shroud, squeeze the 2 gray snaps left and right, pull into the battery body
  • To remove a pin form either mate, look on the mating surface, find the white, rectangular, plastic retainer, use a small flat screwdriver to lift the little snaps, lift the retainer. On the wire side, pull on the wire for that pin, while, on the pin side, use the small screwdriver to release the gray plastic snap holding the pin. Pull the wire and the thin out.

Names and functions.

Group Ckt Pin(s) Ext. color Int. color Name Dir Function Notes
12V pwr 57 35,36,37 Blk Blk Ground IN Power ground OK
570 30,31 BlkWht BlkWht Ground IN Signal ground OK
3800 4,5,6 LtgrnBlk Red +12 V IN Power +12V Always on OK
16 10,11 RedLtgrn RedBlu +12 V IN Low power +12V Always on OK
3206 19 LtgrnYel TanRed Voltage supplied in Start and Run IN Receives 12 V when the ignition switch is in either the On or Start positions (even if engine is not running) From the ignition switch. Overload protected OK
3997 14 Dkgrn Tan Power sustain relay out IN Receives 12 V when the ignition switch is in either the On or Start positions (even if engine is not running) and for 2 seconds after the ignition is turned off Fed by the Powertrain Control Module's Power Relay, located in the Battery Junction Box. The Powertrain Control Module is located under the hood, in the rear-center OK
Air intake 3703 21 BrnWht BlkBrn Battery compartment thermistor signal IN Senses air intake temperature All are located inside the column at the rear-left corner of car, inside air intake ducts n.a.
3704 25 DkgrnWht WhtBlk Battery compartment thermistor return IN n.a.
698 34 Red RedBlu Mode door actuator motor + OUT Moves a flap controlling air flow n.a.
699 26 Org BlkYel Mode door actuator motor - OUT n.a.
1129 17 BrnWht RedGRn Mode door actuator potentiometer + OUT Senses position of flap n.a.
1130 20 PnkLtgrn BluBlk Mode door actuator potentiometer wiper IN n.a.
1128 24 GryLtBlu BlkWht Mode door actuator potentiometer - OUT n.a.
698 34 Red RedBlu Zone Valve OUT Solenoid selecting air source n.a.
CAN BUS 1908 29 Wht YelRed High speed CAN bus + I/O Communicates with vehicle See CAN section below for messages OK
1909 28 Blk YelWht High speed CAN bus - I/O OK
Jump start switch 176 16 PnkLtgrn BrnWht Jump start switch feed IN When grounded, lets 12 V battery jump charge-up the traction battery a bit, through DC-DC converter in battery pack, enough to start the car The switch is located to the left of the driver's left ankle, behind a black plastic panel OK
179 12 OrgRed GrnBlk Jump start switch illumination + OUT When at 12 V, it lights-up the switch OK
Emergency control 3003 8 VioWht Tan Battery power off signal OUT 0-12 V square wave, 50% duty cycle. If all OK, 2 Hz. If problem, 6 Hz. From the Traction Battery to the Power Train Control Module The Power Train Control Module is located under the hood, in the rear-center OK
877 7,23 Wht RedBlk Fuel pump feed / Inertia Sw input IN Normally receives 12 V when the ignition switch is in either the On or Start positions (even if engine is not running) and for 2 seconds after the ignition is turned off; no voltage when the ignition is off, or in case a crash opens an inertia switch The High Voltage Cutoff switch is located in the right-rear column of the car OK
212 27 Dkblu BlkBlu Immediate shutdown 1 OUT The Traction Battery tells the Transaxle Control Module that all is OK by sending 12 V (same duration as the Sustain line). If both lines are open, the Transaxle Control Module starts a fault The Transaxle Control Module is under the hood, in the center, to the left of the box labeled "HYBRID" OK
213 13 DkbluYel BlkRed Immediate shutdown 2 OUT OK
Unused n.a. 18 n.a. TanRed ??? ??? ??? Connected to controller, not used in vehicle ??
32 YelBlk ??

Notes

  • Green OK: function is understood and confirmed
  • Red ??: function is not understood, or not yet confirmed
  • Gray n.a.: PHEV conversion can work without this function

Immediate Shutdown

With these two lines, the battery tells the Transaxle Control Module that all is OK.

  • Whenever there's 12 V on the Start / Run, and all is OK, the battery sends 12 V to both Immediate Shutdown lines
  • The load in the Transaxle Control Module on each line is 1.2 Kohm
  • If *both* lines are open, the Transaxle Control Module shows a fault (if only one line, then all is OK)

Escape ImmediateShutdown ckt.gif

HV connector: C4227C

HV connector

HV connector cable.gif HV connector battery.gif

Pin-out. Looking into cable (left) and looking into battery (right)

Part specs: Yazaki

  • Male (on battery) P/N 7325-6498-02 or 7325-6499-02
  • Female (on cable) P/N 7325-6490-51
  • Spec sheet (pdf)

The HV connector has 4 circuits, with the following names and functions.

Group Ckt Pin(s) Ext. color Int. color Name Function Notes
HV 3180 + Org n.a. HV+ Battery power To Transaxle Control Module OK
3181 - Org HV- OK
Interlock 3130 1 Gry Blu Traction Battery Control Module Interlock + Detects if HV connector is mated. The battery and the Transaxle Control Module both look at the voltage at these pins. To Transaxle Control Module OK
3181 2 Red Wht Traction Battery Control Module Interlock - OK


Escape Interlock ckt.gif

The electrical circuit for the HV Interlock. The circuit goes from the battery, through the Transaxle Control Module, and back to the battery. If either wire is opened, shorted to +12 V or grounded, both the Battery and the Transaxle Control Module detect a fault.

Electronic Components

Battery cooling system

Battery HVAC air flow
exhaust, forced air flow, outside air intake, exhaust inside vehicle
Battery HVAC

The Cooling System controls the temperature of the NiMH cells in the traction battery.

Its components are located:

  • in the rear-left column
  • in the traction battery itself

When used in a closed loop, air flows:

  • from the empty spaces in the battery pack
  • out of the rear-most grille in the rear-right corner of the battery pack
  • into a duct in the rear-right column of the vehicle
  • up the rear duct in that columns
  • through the Mode Door that controls the air flow (unconfirmed)
  • through the Zone Valve that selects the air source (unconfirmed)
  • forward through a heat exchanger
  • down the front duct
  • out of the rear-right column
  • into the front-most grille in the rear-right corner of the battery pack
  • into the battery pack
  • into 2 ducts, one for each blower
  • into 2 blowers, one for each duct
  • into each set of cells (left set for left blower, right for right)
  • through the cells and into the empty spaces in the battery pack
  • completing the cycle

The heat exchanger is chilled by the vehicle's air conditioning system. This is done through two metal pipes, which run from the bottom left corner of the vehicle, then forward, behind (to the left of the) black plastic ducts, and up to the heat exchanger. Condensation collected in the heat exchanger flows into two rubber tubes below it, through a Y into a single rubber tube, through the floor, to let the condensation drip on the ground.

When using outside air:

  • air is taken from a vent in the rear-right window
  • down a duct
  • flows through an air filter
  • through the Mode Door
  • into the heat exchanger
  • then following the same path as above

Now that extra air has been taken into the system, air has to be let out of it

  • air from the pack flows into the rear duct
  • the Zone Valve opens, letting out air from the rear duct into the open space in rear-right column
  • from there, air flows into the rear storage area

To monitor the temperature, thermistors are placed:

  • 1 in the rear-right ducts
  • 2 by the blowers, one for each blower
  • 2 in the left block of cells, 2 in the right block (unconfirmed)

To control the air flow and temperature:

  • the blower's speed is variable
  • the Mode Door's position is continuously variable from closed to fully open
  • the Zone Valve selects the air source

The vehicle varies the blowers' speed based on the battery temperature. However, their speed is reduced when the vehicle is otherwise quiet (engine off, low speed or stopped), presumably to prevent them from annoying the passengers. Source

  • 10 % when stopped
  • from 10 % to 80 % as the car speed goes between stopped and 25 mph, with the engine on
  • 80 % if in EV Mode or the car speed is between 25 and 39 mph
  • 100 % if the speed is 40 mph or above

EscapeBlowerSpeed.gif

Contactors

The Traction Battery uses 3 contactors (high power relays) to connect the battery voltage to the HV output.

  • The contactors are located just behind the HV output connector
  • The enclosure includes 1 precharge resistor and filter capacitors

Escape contactors ckt.gif

  • The purpose of contactor K1 is to precharge the capacitors in the Motor Driver slowly
  • Contactor K2 connects the B+ of the battery to the HV connector
  • Contactor K3 connects the B- of the battery to the HV connector
  • The circuit includes the interlock which detects if the HV connector is disconnected.

Escape contactors sequence.gif

Sequence:

  • The CAN Bus activity starts 25 ms after the ignition is turned on
  • At 150 ms after the ignition is turned on, A CAN message (422h, byte 1 = 1Eh (models '05 through '08) or 2Eh (model '09)) tells the battery to turn on its relays
  • Then the precharge and B- contactors (K1 and K3) are turned on, to precharge the Motor Driver capacitors. There's a spike in the current reflecting the inrush. The time constant is measured to be about 35 ms. Given that the precharge resistor is 10 ohm, we derive that the capacitors in the inverters are 3.5 mF (that's 3.5 milliFarad).
  • At 416 ms, the B+ contactor is turned on (K2) to apply the full battery voltage to the Motor Driver. There's a small step in the current, as the precharge resistor is no longer in the circuit.
  • At 496 ms, the B+ contactor is on, the precharge contactor is no longer needed, so it can be turned off.
  • The battery puts on the CAN Bus a message (300h, byte 3) that the contactors are on and all is OK.

Notes:

  • Initially, the contactors are powered by the full 12 V voltage. After a bit, since they are already actuated, their coil voltage can be halved without dropping off the contact, to reduce their heating.
  • Initially, the supply voltage is 12 V. Later, the DC-DC converter that keeps the 12 V battery charged is turned on, so the 12 V supply jumps up to 14 V

Contactor control message

The vehcile controls the contactors through message 422h (50 ms, 2 bytes), data byte 1.

  • Contactors off: 00h
  • Contactors on: depends on year model.

For '05 to '08 models:

  • Contactors on: 1Eh

For '09 models: Contactors on sequence:

  • 1A: 0001 1001
  • 2D: 0001 1101
  • 2E: 0001 1110

Clearly, the vehicle controls each contactor directly:

  • bit 0: K1 (precharge)
  • bit 1: K2 (negative)
  • bit 2: K3 (positive)

Battery compartment

SolidWorks 3-D model of cavity containing the battery (useful for designing replacement batteries).

Media:Escape_trunk.zip

Battery current

  • The Main Fuse in the Battery is 100 A. Therefore, we assume that the battery current is at most +/- 100 A. If the assumptions of CCL (12) and DCL (13) are correct, the range is actually +/- 78 A.

Here are some numbers:

  • Engine off, stopped: 1.2 A
  • Engine off, stopped, low beam: 1.9 A
  • Engine off, stopped, high beam: 2.7 A
  • Stopped, charging, headlights off: - 3.6 A (normal SOC) or -14 A (low SOC)

When stopped, with the engine on, the charging current depends on the reported SOC.

EscapeChargeCurr vs SOC.gif

If the engine has no other reason to stay on (such as the air conditioning being on, or the catalytic converter is cold), then the engine comes on when the SOC drops to 39 %, and turns off when the SOC goes above 42 %.

SOC

  • SOC ranges at least from 35 % to 60 %
  • When stopped, a SOC of 39 % makes the engine come on to start charging
  • When stopped, a SOC of 42 % makes the engine go off to stop charging, unless the engine is on for some other reason

Below from gpsman1@yahoo.com

  • When the key is in "RUN" (does not matter if the car has been "started" or not) the HV battery will provide power via DC/DC stepdown converter for all 12v accessories first, and for as long as it is able. Only when depleted to a certain level, will some relays open, and the power source will be handed over to the 12v under hood battery.
  • The HV battery cuts off and allows the 12v battery to take over at a lower limit to protect itself from over discharge.
  • The exact SOC is unknown, but believed to be in the 35% to 39% range.
  • The HV battery will cut out, and hand 12v accessories ( lights, fans, radio ) to the 12v battery when the voltage drops below 305 volts and the car has not been started with the key ( just in run ) or the car cannot automatically re-start for some reason, such as the car is in Neutral, or out of gas.
  • Otherwise, the engine will start as needed to keep the HV battery charged above this threshold, and 12v accessories will usually not be run from the 12v underhood battery at all.
  • The 12v battery is only required to close the HV battery contactors. Once closed, the 12v battery may be disconnected or removed from the car, and the car will still start and be allowed to drive away.
  • Driving without a 12v battery in place produced a "check brake system" message.

CAN bus messages

The battery communicates to the rest of the vehicle through the CAN bus. The

CAN Tools

  • These adapters have a DE-9 DSUB connector, so you'll also need an adapter to the Prius' OBD connector. For example:
  • The Prius' OBD (On Board Diagnostics) connector is located under the dashboard, below and to the right of the steering wheel, facing down. A.k.a.: Data Link Connector 3 (DLC3)
  • Alternatively, tap into the CAN bus directly. Use a short cable to the CAN adapter.
    • CAN -: black wire
    • CAN +: white wire
    • GND - chassis

CAN bus protocol

  • The CAN bus is active only when the vehicle is in on (Start or Run position of the ignition key), and for a few seconds after the vehicle is turned off.
  • baud rate: 500 kbits/s (if you use the wrong rate, the vehicle will complain and store a DTC fault until the DTC codes are cleared)
  • Standard: CAN 2.0A ("standard CAN", 11-bit identifier)
  • Remote frames: not used
    • this means all the data are volunteered and none are requested; that is, that every component on the vehicle broadcasts its data periodically; no component puts out requests for data

CAN bus messages

The CAN bus has only 24 messages.

This screen capture was taken with the ignition on On, engine off, on a '07 Hybrids Plus' Escape. The '08 Hybrid Escape has more messages: 41h, 350h.

All the messages on the CAN bus

Spreadsheet with all messages

CAN Network Module Communication Message Chart

From 2007 Escale, Mariner, Escape Hybrid, Mariner Hybrid Workshop Manual, Volume 1

Key:
  • Inst = Instrument cluster
  • 4wd = 4wd control module
  • ABS = ABS module
  • BSCM = ? Brake System Control Module ?
  • TBCM = Traction Battery Control Module
  • TCM = ? Transmission Control Module ?
  • PCM = Powertrain Control Module
  • PSC = ? Power Steering Module ?
  • SJB = Smart Junction Block
Broadcast Message Originating
module
Receiving
Module(s)
ID Byte(s) Function

418-00-7

ABS/trac event in progress ABS Inst, PCM
ABS/trac indicator on request ABS Inst
ABS/trac system configuration ABS Inst
ABS/trac system status ABS Inst, PCM

418-00-8

Actual torque PCM ABS
Anti-stall active PCM ABS
Axel ratio PCM ABS
Barometric pressure PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
Barometric pressure (gateway) Inst SJB
Brake deactivator switch status ABS Inst, PCM
Brake fluid level status ABS Inst
Brake indicator on request ABS Inst
Brake switch status ABS PCM, Inst, 4wd
Brake thermal intervention active y/n ABS Inst, PCM
Catalyst protection active y/n PCM ABS
Charging system status PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
Clutch pedal position PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
Door ajar status SJB Inst
Drivetrain type PCM ABS
Electronic brake distribution status ABS Inst, PCM
Engine coolant temp PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
Engine off timer PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
Engine RPM PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd

418-00-9

Failsafe cooling mode PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
Fuel cap off indicator request PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
Fuel flow data PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
Fuel level input status (filtered) Inst PCM
Fuel level input status (instant) Inst PCM
Headlamp status SJB Inst
Key-in-ignition status SJB Inst
Maximum available torque PCM ABS
Minimum available torque PCM ABS
MIL warning indicator on request PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
Odometer count ABS Inst, 4wd cont
Overdrive indicator status PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
Park lamp status SJB Inst
PATS indicator status PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
PATS key status PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
PATS key status (gateway) SJB Inst
Perimeter alarm status SJB Inst
Shift and converter status PCM ABS

418-00-10

Throttle position PCM ABS, Inst, 4wd
Torque reduction request ABS PCM, Inst, 4wd
Torque transfer actual 4WD ABS, Inst
TPMS sensor status(LF,RF,RR,LR) SJB Inst
TPMS system status SJB Inst
Transmission gear ratio PCM ABS
Transmission selector range PCM ABS
Transmission selector range (gateway) Inst SJB
Turn signal indicator SJB Inst
Vehicle speed ABS Inst, 4wd
Vehicle speed (gateway) Inst SJB
VIN information PCM ABS, 4wd
Wheel speed output (RF,LF,RR,LR) ABS 4wd
4WD indicator request 4WD ABS, Inst

418-00-48

A/C clutch status PCM TBCM
ABS/trac event in progress BSCM Inst, PCM
ABS/trac indicator on request BSCM Inst
Accelerator pedal mode PCM TBCM
Accelerator pedal position PCM TBCM
Accelerator torque requested PCM BSCM
Barometric pressure PCM Inst
Barometric pressure (gateway) Inst SJB
Battery % available PCM Inst
Battery % available (gateway) Inst CANtoACP gateway module
Battery a/c request TBCM PCM
Battery caution warning indicator on request PCM Inst
Battery caution warning indicator on request TBCM Inst
Battery charge power capacity TBCM PCM 310h 5 #12
Battery current TBCM Inst, PCM, TCM 300h 0-1 #2
Battery discharge power capacity TBCM PCM 310h 6 #13
Battery freeze condition yes/no TBCM PCM

418-00-49

Battery hazard warning indicator on request TBCM Inst
Battery R mode enable PCM TBCM
Battery R mode enable TBCM PCM
Battery R mode target charge power TBCM PCM
Battery refrigerant solenoid state TBCM PCM
Battery state of charge % TBCM Inst, PCM 320h 3-4 #17
Battery temperature TBCM Unst, PCM 310h 4 #11
Battery voltage TBCM Inst, PCM, TCM 300h 2 #3
Brake fluid level status BSCM Inst
Brake indicator on request BSCM Inst
Brake switch status BSCM PCM, TCM
Brake system status BSCM 4wd
Brake travel sensor status BSCM 4wd
Charge indicator on request PCM Inst
Charging system status PCM Inst
Contactor control on/off PCM TBCM, TCM 422h 2 00h = 0ff; 1Eh = On
Contactor status on/off TBCM PCM, TCM 300h 3 (4)
Door ajar status SJB Inst
Engine coolant temp PCM Inst, TCM
Engine estimated torque TCM PCM
Engine load % PCM TCM
Engine on/off status PCM TCM

418-00-50

Engine RPM PCM TBCM, BSCM, Inst, TCM
Engine RPM desired PCM TCM
Engine RPM desired TCM PCM
Engine cylinder sync counter PCM TCM
Engine torque commanded PCM Inst, TCM
Engine torque commanded (gateway) Inst CANtoACP gateway module
Engine torque min/max request TCM PCM
Engine/Generator mode PCM TBCM, TCM
Estimated engine torque PCM TCM
Failsafe cooling mode PCM TCM
Front a/c on/off status PCM TBCM
Fuel cap off indicator on request PCM Inst
Fuel cutoff request TCM PCM
Fuel flow data PCM Inst
Fuel level input status Inst PCM (DTC:Powertrain)
Generator brake command PCM TCM
Generator coil temperature TCM PCM
Generator error status TCM PCM
Generator inverter temperature TCM PCM
Generator speed TCM PCM
Generator torque commanded TCM Inst, PCM
Generator torque commanded (gateway) Inst CANtoACP gateway module
Generator/engine shutdown status on/off PCM TCM

418-00-51

Hazard warning indicator on request PCM Inst
Headlamp status SJB Inst
Inverter enable request PCM TCM
Inverter voltage request TCM TBCM, PCM
Jump start status TBCM Inst, PCM
Key-in-ignition status SJB Inst
MIL warning indicator on request PCM Inst
Motor coil temperature TCM PCM
Motor coolant temperature TCM Inst, PCM
Motor error status TCM PCM
Motor inverter temperature TCM PCM
Motor speed TCM Inst, PCM
Motor torque min/max request TCM PCM
Motor torque commanded TCM Inst, PCM
Motor torque commanded (gateway) Inst CANtoACP gateway module
Odometer count TCM TBCM, Inst
Over temp warning request PCM Inst
Over voltage protection active TCM PCM
Park brake status Inst BSCM, PCM
Park lamp status SJB Inst
PATS indicator status PCM Inst
PATS key status PCM Inst
PATS key status (gateway) Inst SJB
Perimeter alarm SJB Inst
Power steering malfunction PSC Inst

418-00-52

PRNDL direction PCM BSCM
PRNDL direction confirm BSCM PCM
Regenerative brake failure PCM Inst
Regenerative fault BCSM PCM
Regenerative torque limit PCM BSCM
Rolling direction PCM BSCM
Rolling direction confirm BSCM PCM
Speed control indicator on request PCM Inst
TBCM status TBCM PCM
TCM caution request TCM PCM
TCM hazard request TCM PCM
TCM status TCM PCM
Throttle position PCM TCM
Torque transfer percentage commanded 4wd BSCM
Torque transfer percentage request BSCM 4wd
TPMS sensor status (LF,RF,RR,LR) SJB Inst
TPMS system status SJB Inst
Traction battery fault status TBCM PCM
Transmission oil temperature TCM PCM
Transmission selector range PCM TBCM,BSCM,Inst,TCM,4wd
Transmission selector range (gateway) Inst SJB
Turn signal indicator request SJB Inst
Vehicle speed TCM Inst, PCM, PSC
Vehicle speed (gateway) Inst SJB

418-00-53

VIN information PCM BSCM, 4wd
Wheel speed output (RF,LF,RR,LR) BCSM 4wd
4wd indicator request 4wd Inst

Battery CAN messages

These are the messages generated by the battery.

The Battery ECU (Electronic Control Unit) broadcasts the following messages. In this table, numbers in parenthesis (#) refer to the notes just below the table. Names in parenthesis are hunches.


ID (hex) Period
[ms] (1)
No of
data
bytes
byte 0 byte 1 byte 2 byte 3 byte 4 byte 5 byte 6 byte 7
300h 10 5 Current (2) Voltage (3) Flags (4) 00h
310h 100 7 constant (7) constant (8) constant (9) constant (10) Temperature (11) Charge Limit (12) Discharge Limit (13)
320h 100 5 (DTCs?) (14) (DTCs?) (14) Flags (15) SOC (17)


Notes:

  • h = hex value; d = decimal value; b = binary value;


1) How often this message is repeated
2) Battery current. Raw reading, relative to reading at 0 current (typically 05DCh), positive when current is sourced out of the battery. 12 bits Units: 100 mA. Range: +/- 100 A (the main fuse is 100 A). Examples (assuming that at 0 current the reading is 05DCh):

  • 09C4h : 2500d : -100 A out
  • 0708h : 1800d : -30 A out
  • 0640h : 1600d : -10 A out
  • 05FAh : 1530d : -3 A out
  • 05E6h : 1510d : -1 A out
  • 05DCh : 1500d : 0 A out
  • 05D2h : 1490d : +1 A in
  • 05BEh : 1470d : +3 A in
  • 0578h : 1400d : +10 A in
  • 04B0h : 1200d : +30 A in
  • 01F4h : 0500d : +100 A in

Note: previous data were inaccurate because a clamp current meter was placed on a HV cable, and the cable is shielded, so the reading was wrong. These data are based on measurements with a ammeter replacing the Main Fuse.



3) Battery voltage. Relative to 180 V. Units: V. Range seen: 312 to 366 V. Examples:

  • 78h: 300 V
  • 96h: 330 V


4) Byte of flags. If the specified item is active, the bit is 1. Else, it is 0. 0 = unused or unknown bit.

bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
function 0 0 0 Safety plug removed 0 Contactors On Contactors Settled 0


7) unknown. Always 8Ch
8) unknown. Always 78h
9) unknown. Always 50h
10) unknown. Always 3Ch
11) Pack temperature. The value is: 2 * T [°C] + 80. For example:

  • 50h = 00 °C, 32 °F
  • 64h = 10 °C, 50 °F
  • 78h = 20 °C, 68 °F
  • 8Ch = 30 °C, 86 °F
  • A0h = 40 °C, 104 °F


12) Charge Current Limit [A/2]. Typically 7Ch (62 A). Range seen 00hto 9Dh (0d to 157d = 0 A to 78.5 A) In cold temperatures, when first turned on, this item starts at a value, then drifts down to another value and stops. Turn off, turn on, and the item restarts at the same value where it started before.

Discharge Current Limit vs SOC
Discharge Current Limit vs Temperature


13) Discharge Current Limit [A/2]. Normally 9Ch = 156d = 78 A. Range seen: 19h to 9Ch = 25d to 156d = 12.5 to 78 A.

Related to both the State of Charge and to the Temperature (whichever value is lower).

  • Related to the SOC, according to the graph on the right, and these approximate formulas:
    • SOC < 18Ah (= 394d = 39 %): value = 1.57 * SOC - 470. Reaches 0 A at an SOC of 30 %
    • 18Ah < SOC < 19Dh : value = 18.52 + 0.33 * SOC
    • SOC > 19Dh (= 413d = 41 %): value = 155 = 77.5 A
  • Related to the Temperature, according to the graph on the right, and these approximate formulas:
    • If Temperature > 35°C: 78 A - 1.2 A per degree above 35°C
    • If Temperature < 35°C: 78 A


14) DTCs?
15) Byte of flags. If the specified item is active, the bit is 1. Else, it is 0. 0 = unused or unknown bit.

bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
function Safety plug removed HV connector unplugged 0 0 0 0 0 0
SOC vs time, parked


17) State of Charge. Unsigned 12 bits. Units, measured with a 10 % accuracy: 4.88 mAH (close to 0.089% assuming a 5.5 AH battery). We can assume that the units are 0.1 %.

Range seen by Hybrids Plus, stopped: 349d to 482d. A different time: 484d to 525d (1E4h to 020Dh). When stopped, and charging, the engine stops when the SOC level reaches 01DEh and starts when the SOC drops to 01BDh = 445d. Ryan and Rich seem to have observed values ranging from a minimum of 01B0h (432d) at which point the ICE started while driving, to a maximum of 025Eh (606d) during heavy downhill regen at which point compression braking began. The value is 0000h if the HV safety plug is removed. If the SOC is too high at initial power-up (e.g.: 74%) the engine won't start.

Most significant nibble (top 4 bits) are usually 0h. It starts at 8h and then stays at Ah when the fan is running.

OBD-II Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs)

The Battery ECU detects and reports many fault conditions.

  • The Battery ECU places a Fault Code (DTC) in its message with an ID of ??
  • The Engine ECU receives such DTCs (from the Battery ECU and from other devices as well)
  • The Engine ECU lights the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL) (a.k.a. "Check Engine Lamp") on the dashboard. (In some cases it does so immediately, in some cases after it receives the same DTC twice.)

Fault codes begin with one of four letters, depending of the 2 Most Significant bits (MSb) of the hex code:

  • Ltr MSBs
  • P 00 Powertrain: Most faults start with this letter
  • C 01 Chassis: steering, brakes, other chassis systems. Faults in the transmission control ECU or electric power steering system
  • B 10 Body: Smart entry and Immobilizer malfunction. The only DTCs are B1294 and B2799
  • U 11 Network: Faults in the CAN network as well as any other networks (The Hybrid Control System cannot communicate with other components on the CAN bus0

All OBD-II diagnostic codes have five digits.

The first digit in an OBD-II DTC is always a letter, narrowing the fault to one of four different sections of the on-board diagnostic system: a P for powertrain, B for body, C for chassis, or U for network. At present, no other letters are used.

The second digit will be a number; SAE-defined codes, known as generic codes, are identified by a 0 (as above), 2, or 3. Manufacturer-specific codes, which are not defined by SAE, must use a 1 for the second digit. They can mean anything within the system defined by the first digit of the DTC.


PIDs

The battery responds to the following PIDs.

Function REQUEST (e.g.: from ScanGauge) RESPONSE (from battery)
ScanGauge Name ID Len Data ID Len Data Units
SOC SOC 0745h 8 03 22 49 23 55 55 55 55 074Dh 8 05 62 49 23 xx xx 00 00 xx xx [100/2^16 %] (1)
TBV Voltage 0745h 8 03 22 49 0B 55 55 55 55 074Dh 8 05 62 49 0B xx xx 00 00 xx xx [1/2^17 KV] (2)
TBV Voltage (alt) 07E1h 8 03 22 49 0B 55 55 55 55 07E8h 8 05 62 49 0B xx xx 00 00 xx xx [1/2^15 KV] (3)
MDV Module Delta Voltage 0745h 8 03 22 A9 11 55 55 55 55 074Dh 8 04 62 A9 11 xx 00 00 00 xx [50 mV] (4)
BTM Temperature 0745h 8 03 22 A9 14 55 55 55 55 074Dh 8 04 62 A9 14 xx 00 00 00 xx [C -40] (5)
Tmx, Tmn, Tav, Txc Module temperatures 0745h 8 03 22 49 11 55 55 55 55 074Dh 8 05 62 49 11 xx xx xx xx xx [C -40] (5) (6)
MxC (CCL) Charge Limit 0745h 8 03 22 A9 12 55 55 55 55 074Dh 8 04 62 A9 12 xx 00 00 00 xx [500 mA] (7)
MxD (DCL) Discharge Limit 0745h 8 03 22 A9 0F 55 55 55 55 074Dh 8 04 62 A9 0F xx 00 00 00 xx [500 mA] (7)

Notes:

  1. ) SOC [%] / 100 * 2^16; e.g.: FF FF = 100 %, 80 00 = 50 %, 00 00 = 0 %
  2. ) Voltage [V] * 2^17 / 1000; e.g.: 99 98 = 300 V, B3 30 = 350 V
  3. ) Voltage [V] * 2^15 / 1000; e.g.: 26 66 = 300 V, 2C CC = 350 V
  4. ) Delta [50 mV]; e.g.: 00 = 0 V; 01 = 50 mV; 02 = 100 mV
  5. ) Temper [C] + 40 = (Temper [F] + 40) * 5 / 9; e.g.: 00 = -40 C = -40 F; 28 = 0 C = 32 F; 41 = 25 C = 77 F
  6. ) The 4 bytes are, in order: Max temperature, Min temperature, Avg temperature, ?? temperature
  7. ) Limit [500 mA]; e.g.: 8A = 69 A

Data bytes

... Byte 0 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4 Byte 5 Byte 6 Byte 7
Request 03 = No of data bytes following 22 = mode 22 request ID of ECU PID n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
1-byte response 04 = No of data bytes following 62 = response to mode 22 request ID of ECU PID Value n.a. n.a. n.a.
2-byte response 05 = No of data bytes following 62 = response to mode 22 request ID of ECU PID Value, high byte Value, low byte n.a. n.a.

Test data display

A variety of data are available through the instrument panel.

To start the test display:

  • Start with the ignition off
  • Press and hold the Trip Reset button on the instrument panel
  • Turn on the ignition to ON (not Start)
  • Wait until the display in the speedometer displays "test"
  • Release the Trip Reset button

Each time you press the Trip Reset button a new set of data are displayed.

(Chart courtesy of gpsman1 AT yahoo)

Press Prefix Values Range Description
0 test --- --- Initial entry into test mode
1 gage --- --- Test Sweep of all gauges from min to max
2 --- ALL Blackout Prove-out of all segments on odometer display
3 --- ALL Blackout Prove-out of all segments on message center display
4 bulb --- --- Lights all bulbs / LEDs ( look for "THEFT" bulb )
5 r #### Returns all bulbs / LEDs to normal operation
6 nr #### Hexadecimal code
7 EE ## Hexadecimal code
8 dt #### Hexadecimal code for manufacture date
9 CFI ## Hexadecimal code
10 CF2 ## Hexadecimal code
11 CF3 ## Hexadecimal code
12 CF4 ## Hexadecimal code
13 CF5 ## Hexadecimal code
14 CF6 ## Hexadecimal code
15 DTC nOnE Diagnostic Trouble Code ( You want this to say nOnE )
16 E ###.# 000.0 - 127.0 Speed in English to the tenth of a MPH
17 --- ###.# 000.0 - 205.0 Speed in Metric to the tenth of a kmPH
18 t #### 0000 - 7000 Tachometer to nearest 1 RPM
19 F ### 000 - 255 Fuel level analog/digital ratio input to intrument panel
20 FP ### 000 - 255 Fuel present level status as an amount out of 255 = full
21 CA ##.# 00.0 - 40.0 Kilowatt value being used (+) / produced (-)
22 SOC 1 ## 00 - ? CAN message status to message center 00 = normal
23 ET ### 000 - 127 Engine Temperature in degrees Celsius ( 'C )
24 BT ### 000 - 127 HV Battery Temperature in degrees Celsius ( 'C )
25 ODO ### 000 - 255 Rolling count used to calculate odometry
26 TR ##.## 00.00 - 99.99 Trip odometer in miles and hundreths of a mile
27 NCS- # Message Center Status
28 BAT ##.# 00.0 - 19.9 Standard battery voltage reading
29 D ### 000 / 124 / 255 Position of dimmer switch: 000 = up 124 = down 255 = off
30 RH5 ## 00 - 21 Instrument cluster dimmer value: 00 = off 21 = max. bright
31 HLPS- # 0 - 1 Status of parking / headlamps: 0 = off 1 = on
32 IIN- # 0 - 1 Key in ignition: 0 = no 1 = yes
33 DOOR- # A or C Driver door status: A = ajar C = closed
34 STBT- # 0 or 6 Driver seatbelt status: 0 = buckled 6 = not buckled
35 PRND ## Last value input to TRS from the PCM
36 PAR- # 0 or 6 Status of park: 0 = in park 6 = not in park
37 CR- # 0 or 6 Status of START: 0 = key in start 6 = key not in start
38 ACC-3 # 0 or 6 Status of ACC: 0 = key in ACC 6 = key not in ACC
39 Ch- # Chime: The chime that last sounded, or is currently sounding
40 ChE ## 2-bit MIL teltale data - Malfuntion Indicator Lamp
41 OPS- # 0 or 6 Oil Pressure Sensor: 0 = on 6 = off
42 TT1 ## Hexadecimal code
43 TT2 ## Hexadecimal code
44 TT3 ## Hexadecimal code
45 THFT ## (14) Anti-theft visual indicator mode. THEFT LIGHT STATUS
46 4b4 ## 2-bit 4x4 message ( if equipped )
47 361 ## Hexadecimal code
48 368 ## Hexadecimal code
49 3612 ## Hexadecimal code
50 369 ## Hexadecimal code
51 PA ## Hexadecimal code
52 PADO ## Hexadecimal code
53 PB ## Hexadecimal code
54 PH ## Hexadecimal code
55 PJ ## Hexadecimal code
56 PL ## Hexadecimal code
57 PCAN ## Hexadecimal code
58 PT ## Hexadecimal code
59 PUU ## Hexadecimal code
60 BAT ### 000 - 255 8-bit value for standard battery voltage readings
61 AD2 ### 000 - 255 8-bit value for dimmer readings
62 AD3 ### 000 - 255 8-bit value for fuel level readings
63 AD4 ### 000 - 255 8-bit value for oil pressure ( 150 - 160 = normal with stock oil )
64 gage --- --- Goes back to start and cycles through all features again.

Engine, Motors, RPM's, and Ratios

MPH Engine RPM Traction Motor RPM Generator Motor RPM
1 0 (EV) 128 -156
2 0 (EV) 256 -312
5 0 (EV) 640 -780
10 0 (EV) 1280 -1560
40 0 (EV) 5120 -6240
40 1000 5120 -2846
40 2000 5120 548
40 3000 5120 3942
40 4000 5120 7336
60 2000 7680 -2572
60 4000 7680 4216
80 2000 10,240 -5692
80 4000 10,240 1096

S0001.jpg S0002.jpg

  • Traction Motor : Generator Ratio = 1:1.21875 When in EV Mode
  • Each 1000 Engine RPM Raises Generator Speed by 3394 RPM
  • Traction Motor RPM is always relative to wheel speed
  • Traction Motor Spec is 68kW (91 HP) in Ford's Service Manual ( 70kW / 94 HP in consumer brochure )
  • Generator Motor Spec is 28kW (37 HP) in Ford's Service Manual ( 30kW / 40 HP in consumer brochure )

RPM chart and data courtesy of gpsman1@yahoo.com

General Disclaimer:   (HV) (DC) injury or death hazard,   use at your own risk,   may void warranty.

HV (High Voltage) DC (Direct Current) Warning: Traction Battery Packs, Motors, Chargers, and other HV sources could cause serious injury or death if proper precautions are not taken while working on or around such High Voltage Direct Current sources.

Use this information at your own risk: There is no warranty expressed nor implied and we are not liable for any of your past, present, nor future actions. Even should you perform these modifications to the letter you could still damage any number of components in your vehicle causing it to no longer function. Even if it appears to function properly your actions may cause it to self destruct with collateral damage to surrounding properties other than your vehicle. By utilizing these ideas and instructions in an attempting to enhance national security, reduce gas consumption, vehicle "emissions", your carbon footprint, or smog, you do so at your own risk & peril.

Warranty: In performing some of these modifications you may void your warranty with the vehicles manufacturer.

See also our My wiki:General disclaimer