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Plug-In Hybrids
Contents
A W:Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) or gas-electric hybrid fueled vehicle is a hybrid which has additional battery capacity and the ability to be recharged from an external electrical outlet. In addition, modifications to the vehicle's control software may be required. The vehicle can be used for short trips of moderate speed without needing the W:internal combustion engine (ICE) component of the vehicle, thereby saving fuel costs. In this mode of operation the vehicle operates as a pure W:battery electric vehicle (BEV) with a weight penalty (the ICE). The long range and additional power of the ICE power train is available when needed.
PHEVs are commonly called "grid-connected hybrids," "gas-optional hybrids" (GO-HEVs), "full hybrids," and are sometimes called PHEV-30 for instance, to denote a hybrid with a 30-mile (50 km) electric range. Compared to a HEV-0 (a non-plug-in hybrid), or BEV/PHEV-300 in the case of the 300 mile tzero EV with its gasoline-fueled range extending trailer. While Ford, GM, and Toyota have all used the term "Full Hybrid Technology" to describe configurations that allow electric-only operation at low speeds, they can not plug in to recharge the battery. Two other PHEV names used by a major U.S. automotive supplier and in a 1999 SAE paper are "energy hybrids" and "true hybrids". PHEVs can also operate in a mixed-mode where both gasoline and external electricity are used simultaneously to increase gasoline mileage for a particular range, usually double that of its electric-only range. Connected vehicles also make possible W:Vehicle to Grid applications which could provide many advantages to grid operators.
Prius PHEVs
Comparison table: PHEV conversion and kit options for the Toyota Prius | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Click show for a short list of the current PHEV conversion and kit options for the Toyota Prius. |
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For Prius conversion details see the Prius PHEV article and comparisons table.
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There have been a number of successful Prius conversions. Ron of CalCars has a PbA conversion named PriusPlus and EDrive is expected to use Valance Li-ion batteries in conversions for consumers. Both are based on the 2004 or newer (Gen2) Toyota Prius and are now capable of charging from the grid using standard 120V AC outlets. They can operate as pure EV's at speeds up to 34 mph for the range of their larger batteries, which is about 10 miles for PbA and 30 miles with Li-ion batteries. They are also delivering vastly improved mileage at higher speeds in an EV-Heavy type of Mixed-mode which delivers roughly twice the gasoline mileage during trips of twice their electric ranges (20 and 60 miles). Of course one should also consider the electric power required to recharge in these 100+ mpg situations (<$1 per gallon equivalent). During extended drives they operate just as a normal Prius and deliver their usual mileage.
Other Vehicles
- Insight PHEV utilizing MIMA to operate in a higher mileage Mixed-mode.
- Grid Charging discussion at InsightCentral.net
- Mike Dabrowski demonstrated the change from a peak of 84 mpg and averages of 65-75 mpg to 107.6 mpg!
- Grid Charging discussion at InsightCentral.net
- SEVA:tzero and it's W:genset trailer
- BEVs with W:Pusher trailers
Production
- DaimlerChrysler Sprinter Van
- W:Renault Kangoo
- Italy - Vespa hybrid Scooter [1], [2]
Prototypes
- 2006.09.08 - New plug-in hybrid from MES-DEA Based on its electric Fiat Panda with ZEBRA battery, [3], [4]
- 2006.08.31 - Mini Cooper Converted to PHEV by British
- 2006.03.30 - Saab 9-3 PHEV
- 2006.03.16 - BMW Mini Cooper Plug-In-Hybrid
- http://www.afstrinity.com/extr.html
See also
- Dr. Andrew Frank
- PlugInPartners
- http://www.hybridconsortium.org/
- Will consumers plug in? Consumer Response Video
- Interview with members of the new Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Consortium.
- The SEVA:tzero is an all electric vehicle sports EV with 300 miles of range, although it can also function as a PHEV at about 30mpg on gas utilizing it's gasoline-fueled range-extending trailer. In this mode, it becomes a PHEV-300 with unlimited gasoline range.
- Hybrid Truck Project
- An interesting project to convert an existing Hybrid commuter bus into a PHEV Recreational Vehicle.
- http://www.maxmpg.org/
- http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ev-list-archive/message/44593
- http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ev-list-archive/message/43572
- Prof Jim Burns
- SDSU L3 Prof Jim Burns - Diesel Plugin Hybrid
- http://www.greencarcongress.com/2004/05/biodiesel_hybri.html
This doesn't look like it plugs in?
- http://www.greencarcongress.com/2004/05/biodiesel_hybri.html
- SDSU L3 Prof Jim Burns - Diesel Plugin Hybrid
- http://www.epri.com/attachments/285860_1007115Print_081902.pdf
- http://www.missouri.edu/~suppesg/Hydrogen.htm
- http://www.missouri.edu/~news/releases/suppesalternativefuel.html
- http://hybridcars.about.com/od/glossaryofhybridcarterm/g/PHEV.htm
- http://www.wired.com/news/autotech/0,2554,68101,00.html?tw=rss.TOP
- http://www.mixedpower.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=730
- http://www.tbp.org/pages/publications/BENTFeatures/UhrigSp05.pdf
- http://www.ecovehicle.com/new_page_28.htm
- http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/04/24/MNGDTCEA8H1.DTL
- http://www.frappr.com/PHEV
- http://wikicars.org/en/Plug-in_Hybrids
News
- 2006.08.25 - msn.com - The 100-mpg car is coming
- 2006.06.25 - http://auto.xprize.org
- 2006.06.23 - blooomberg.com - GM Plans Gas-Electric Car to Rival Toyota, People Say (Update2)
- 2006.06.13 - renewableenergyaccess.com - Minnesota Law Endorses Plug-in Hybrid, Flexible-Fueled Vehicles
- 2006.06.08 - economist.com - Plugging into the future
- 2006.05.30 - forbes.com - The Frankenstein Hybrid
- 2006.05.24 - technologyreview.com - Plug-In Hybrids Are on the Way "the green controller box." by Manzanita Micro
- 2006.05.28 - mercurynews.com - At national lab, vehicle research focuses on alternatives to oil
- 2006.05.29 - suntimes.com - Argonne's drive: new fuels for cars
- 2006.05.25 - chron.com - Plug your hybrid in, get 100 miles per gallon
- 2006.05.24 - evworld.com - Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Act 2006
- 2006.05.24 - technologyreview.com - Plug-In Hybrids Are on the Way, PFC-30
- 2006.05.23 - seattletimes.com - Plug-in energy independence
- 2006.05.18 - axcessnews.com - New Hybrid Cars Could Get 100 mpg, House Committee Told
- 2006.05.18 - statesman.com - Lawmakers plug Austin idea Washington getting charged up by electric hybrid idea.
- 2006.05.18 - researchresearch.com - Strong support for plug-in hybrid bill
- 2006.05.18 - ucdavis.edu - New Super-Efficient Plug-in Hybrid Unveiled Trinity
- 2006.05.18 - sfgate.com - Plug-in hybrids charge Hill Bay Area group touts cars to House panel
- 2006.05.18 - scenta.co.uk - Hybrid cars for America
- 2006.05.18 - freep.com - Plug-in hybrid to be seen in Washington
- 2006.05.18 - latimes.com - Scientists Urge Congress to Fund Research on Plug-In Hybrid Cars
- 2006.05.17 - usatoday.com - Scientists back plug-in hybrids
- 2006.05.17 - seattlepi - Scientists back plug-in hybrids
- 2006.05.10 - Green Car Congress - Hybrid Technologies Developing All-Electric Taxi for NYC
- 2006.05.02 - The War on Terror: The Energy Front See the last four paragraphs.
- State of the Union - What Bush Should be Saying. [5]
- alternet.org Car Owners in the Driver's Seat
- evworld.com Plug in my hybrid car? Why, you ask?
- delphi.com techpaper on HFC PHEVs - A step beyond PHEV? EVDL Yahoo EVDL_Maillist:2006./1./140